Understanding Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth in all its forms. The term includes different species of plants and animals, but the term encompasses more than that. It includes diversity within a respective species’ DNA, known as genetic diversity, as well as the diversity of habitats and biomes, such as grasslands, deserts, and rainforests. Biodiversity also includes the interactions between species, such as pollination and seed dispersal, within ecosystems.

Our planet’s ecosystems are supported by a fascinating and delicate network of life, much of which remains a mystery. Scientists have yet to discover all forms of life on Earth, with new species being identified every year. Understanding the complex and layered interactions among different species within their respective ecosystems, and identifying their roles in securing ecosystem functions, is even more challenging. Every day, iDiv researchers contribute new insights to help unravel these mysteries.

Ecosystem services—the processes and products that nature provides—depend on functioning ecosystems. These services include clean air, water, and fertile soil. Healthy ecosystems also help regulate climate, decompose waste, and pollinate crops, all of which are essential for human survival and well-being. Biodiversity is central to the production of food, medicinal products, natural resources, and many other societal benefits, including human health and well-being.

Multiple iDiv research projects, such as the Jena Experiment and BEF-China, aim to deepen our understanding of ecosystem functioning and highlight the significance of biodiversity in our lives.

Each species on Earth has the potential to provide a unique set of solutions for various problems, including those we have not encountered yet.

Climate change affects biodiversity loss, and biodiversity loss affects climate change. The two are interconnected and cannot be disentangled from one another. Fortunately, protecting and restoring biodiversity can help mitigate climate change. For example, land and ocean ecosystems store large amounts of carbon dioxide, absorbing approximately 60% of human-caused emissions.

Scientists have reported declines in biodiversity in many locations around the world. Much of the decline is linked to human activities, such as agriculture, fisheries, and demand for natural resources, which are the pillars of our societies.

While not all adverse effects can be stopped, knowledge can help minimise and reshape these impacts. iDiv research informs measures and strategies for protecting, rewilding, and restoring nature, safeguarding biodiversity where it is most at risk.